![]() This reaction must be carried out at a temperature above what was achievable using the normal process utilities available at the plant, so it was decided to use the exhaust steam from the onsite electricity generation turbine, and pass that around an external heating coil installed on the chemical reactor vessel. The 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was intended as an intermediate for hexachlorophene. The chemical 2,4,5- trichlorophenol ( 2) was being produced there from 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene ( 1) by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction with sodium hydroxide. The accident occurred in the chemical plant's Building B. Moreover, although several exposures of populations to dioxins had occurred before, mostly in industrial accidents, they were of a more limited scale. The factory building had been built many years earlier and the local population did not perceive it as a potential source of danger. The industrial plant, located in Meda, was owned by the company Industrie Chimiche Meda Società Azionaria (Meda Chemical Industries S.A., or ICMESA), a subsidiary of Givaudan, which in turn was a subsidiary of Hoffmann-La Roche (Roche Group). Other affected neighbouring communities were Meda (19,000), Desio (33,000), Cesano Maderno (34,000) and to a lesser extent Barlassina (6,000) and Bovisio-Masciago (11,000). The Seveso disaster was named after Seveso, the community most affected, which had a population of 17,000 in 1976. 4 Studies on immediate and long-term health effects.
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